Why does a Merge/Mail action fail with the error “Missing refresh token. User might not have been authorized.: EMAIL_EXTERNAL_TRANSPORT_TOKEN_ERROR,” and how can it be resolved?

This error occurs when the user running the merge has their Email Delivery Provider set to an external service (such as Outlook or Gmail), but Salesforce no longer has a valid OAuth token for that provider. When Apsona triggers the email send step, Salesforce attempts to use the external provider, detects the missing/expired authorization token, and returns EMAIL_EXTERNAL_TRANSPORT_TOKEN_ERROR, causing the merge to fail.

To fix the issue, the user must update their personal email settings to send via Salesforce instead of the external provider:

Profile Menu → Settings → Email → My Email Settings → Email Delivery Provider → Salesforce

After saving and rerunning the merge, the email runs successfully. This error applies only to the affected user, not to others running the same merge